Application of Paleontology with special reference to- 'CORRELATION'

For correlation, useful fossils are those that are abundant, widespread, rapidly evolving (and therefore of short range), and distributed in a variety of facies. For example, ‘Trilobites’ are main tool of correlation in Cambrian and Lower Ordovician; ‘Ammonites’ for Mesozoic; ‘Graptolites’ for Ordovician to lower Devonian; ‘Ammonoids’ are important in Devonian through Permian; ‘Conodonts’ used from Ordovician through Triassic; ‘Foraminiferans’ are used for correlating the rocks of Upper Paleozoic and post Jurassic time.

Laipuitlang leimin leh a kaihhnawih

Leilung zirmi nihna leh leimin bik luhchilh ve nihna angin, May ni 11, 2013 Inrinni tuka Laipuitlang leimin chungchang hi han thlirzau ve ila, leimin laka invenna lam tlem a zawng sawi pahin chhiatna lama Sorkar hmalakna tarlang bawk ila.

Leimin chhan: Leimin rapthlak tak kan tawhna chhan ni thei hi chi hrang hrang niin a lang. Mipuiin kan kawh rawn deuh PWD building hi concrete building a nih avangin, a rit viau mai. A sakna hmun hi pialtlep hmun, kum 1970 bawr vela nasa taka lei lo min tawhna hmun a ni a.

Kan hmabak- Lirnghing

“…. Lir nasa takin a nghing a nghing ang…” (Luka 11:1)

Thupui thlamuanthlak tak zawng a ni hauh lo! Sawifiah hran ngai lovin lirnghing awmzia chu kan hre ṭheuh awm e. Kan tawn fo ṭhin ang ni lo, Bhuj (Gujarat) te, Haiti te, Chile, etc. ten an tuar ang lirnghing na tak (Magnitude ≥7.0) kan tawk thei a ni tih sawi chhuah kan tum ang. Lirnghing chungchanga hriat tur pawimawh ṭhenkhat chauh kan chhui thei dawn a; a bak hre duh leh hre chak kan awm chuan, a tawpa thu lakna hnar (reference) aṭang hian zawn belh mai ni se.   

I.                    LIRNGHING LO AWM CHHAN

1.   Hmanlai mite rin dan: Kan pi leh pute chuan, lirnghing lo awm chhan heti ang hian an sawi ṭhin: ‘Van hi belthleng ang mai hian a kum kulh a, a bulin lei a sikna lai chu ‘kawlkil’ a ni a, kawlkil tawpah chuan sunhlu hi a rah phir a. Chu chu pitar-te hian a lo hawlh a, a kung bula tla si hian chhar phak lovah a tla daih zel a. Tin, Pawngeklir pawh hian ek a lum a lum a, kawlkil vengtupa hnen a va thlen chuan, “Hei en la, mihirng reng reng an awm tawh lo, an thi vek tawh a, an zun leh ek pawh ka rawn hlawm a nih hi,” a va ti a.Kawlkil  vengtupa chuan, “Chutia mihring an awm tawh loh chuan lei hi sawi chim vek mai ang hmiang,” a ti a, a sawi ta chiam mai a; chu chu ‘lirnghing’ lo awm \an dan a ni an ti.

Internal Structure of the Earth_for Practical Record (1st Semester)

SECTION ‘A’ UNIT 1 & FOR PRACTICAL RECORD

I.          How to obtain information about the internal structure

The Interior of the Earth information obtained from the study of the propagation of the earthquake waves (P-, S- & L- waves) through the earth. The P- and S- wave velocities change with depth and each change can be related to a change in materials. Each region of changing shock- wave velocity demarcates a zone of discontinuity. On the basis of seismic investigations, the earth’s interior has been broadly divided into three major parts- Crust, Mantle & Core.

[*P-wave can travel in solid, liquid and gaseous media; and have short wave length and high frequency. S-waves travel only in solid medium and have short wavelength and high frequency. L-waves are confined to the outer skin of the earth crust; they have short wavelength and high frequency].